FRONT AXLE (4X4) 12 4.5.2.1.5 GENERAL SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES Noise in all driving modes Road and tyres, wheel bearings Noise changes with type of road surface Road and tyres Noise tone lowers with vehicle speed Tyres Noise louder on turn Differential pinion and side gears, axle wheel bearings. Noise in one or more driving modes Ring and pinion gears Clunk on change of speed or direction of power flow Worn differential shaft or thrust washers; worn U- joints. Wheel noise Wheel loose, faulty or bad wheel bearing. Vibration Damaged drive shaft, missing drive shaft balance weight, worn or out-of-balance wheels lug nuts, worn U- joint, loose spring U- bolts, loose / broken spring, damage axle shaft bearing, loose pinion gear nut, excessive pinion yoke run out, bent axle shaft. Differential gears scored Insufficient lubrication, improper grade of lubricant, lubricant contamination, excessive spinning of wheel. Loss of lubricant Lubricant level too high, worn axle shaft seals, cracked differential housing, worn drive pinion gear shaft seal, scored and worn yoke, axle cover not properly sealed, plugged vent or vent tube. Axle overheating Lubricant level too low, incorrect grade of lubricant, contaminated lubricant, bearing preload too high, excessive gear wear, insufficient ring gear backlash. Gear teeth broke. Overloading, erratic clutch operation, wheel pinning, improper adjustment. Axle gear noise Insufficient lubricant, incorrect backlash, improper tooth contact, worn / damaged gears. Axle noise Insufficient lubricant, improper ring gear and drive pinion gear adjustment, unmatched ring gear and drive pinion gear , worn teeth on ring gear or drive pinion gear, loose drive pinion gear shaft bearings, loose differential bearings, misaligned ring and pinion gear, loose differential bearing cap screw, worn bearings.
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