1.2L REVOTRON ENGINE 74 2. Lambda Sensor : The oxygen sensor operates on the principle of galvanic oxygen concentration cell (Nernst cell) with solid electrolyte (Nernst's principle). The ceramic sensing element is a conductor of oxygen ions from a temperature of 350°C. A heater is integrated on the sensing element. It is placed into the exhaust manifold. The sensing element compares the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas with the oxygen content in the reference atmosphere (air surrounding the sensing element). This gives an output voltage between 100mV (lean exhaust gas) to 800mV (rich exhaust gas), depending on whether the exhaust gas is lean or rich. 3. Close Coupled Catalytic Converter (CCC) : The Close Coupled Catalytic Converter is a critical element of the system used to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions. The catalytically active element within the converter lowers the activation energy needed to selectively transform harmful combustion products into less harmful gases. The catalyst becomes active when it reaches a threshold temperature. Close coupled Catalytic Converter is physically positioned very close to the engine exhaust ports to enable quicker light-off. Benefits -: Positioned close to the engine exhaust ports for fast light-off and reduced cold start emissions. Internally insulated construction design enables improved durability, reduced heat rejection and lower noise. 4. Muffler Assembly : The main function of the silencer is to reduce the amount of noise emitted by the engine exhaust gases flow. It typically makes use of the change in the cross sectional area which can be made as a chamber to filter or reduce the sound waves which the engine produces. The silencers are divided into three main groups. i) Exhaust pipe front ii) Exhaust Pipe Assy. with Pre-silencer iii) Exhaust Assy., Rear (Main Silencer)
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